Характеристики варианта дельта (B.1.617) вируса SARS-CoV-2 – доминантного агента третьей и четвертой волн эпидемии COVID-19 в России

Среди эпидемических вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2 основное внимание в настоящее время привлекает вариант дельта (B.1.617), впервые выявленный в Индии осенью 2020 г. После появления варианта дельта заболеваемость COVID-19 в Индии выросла в 20 раз. Выход варианта дельта вируса SARS-CoV-2 за пределы Индии стал одним из факторов возникновения третьей волны пандемии COVID-19. По состоянию на 4 октября 2021 г. вариант дельта вируса SARS-CoV-2 выявлен в 192 странах. Цель работы – анализ характеристик варианта дельта (B.1.617) вируса SARS-COV-2 и особенностей вызываемого им заболевания. Основными особенностями варианта дельта вируса SARS-CoV-2 являются: набор мутаций, затрагивающих значимую функциональную область S-белка; скорость передачи от человека к человеку; сниженный инкубационный период вызываемого заболевания. В России вариант дельта вируса SARS-CoV-2 появился не ранее конца апреля–начала мая 2021 г. С распространением варианта дельта, как доминирующего, связано возникновение в начале июня 2021 г. третьей, а в середине сентября – четвертой волны эпидемии COVID-19 в России. Эпидемиологические данные по России демонстрируют резкое увеличение числа новых случаев заболевания при одновременном росте числа госпитализаций и летальных исходов заболевания. Необходимыми мерами борьбы с эпидемией являются: в первую очередь, ускорение темпов вакцинации, а также комплекс административных мероприятий, включающих ограничение массовых мероприятий, строгое соблюдение масочного режима и социальной дистанции в общественных местах.

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