Наночастицы как потенциальные агенты химического и биологического оружия

Широкое распространение в промышленности, медицине, сельском хозяйстве и других областях деятельности человека объектов наноразмеров ставит вопрос о возможности их двойного использования, под которой в данной работе подразумевается использование для преднамеренного массового поражения людей. Цель работы – рассмотреть наночастицы в качестве потенциальных агентов химико-биологического оружия. Показано, что наночастицы любого типа обладают биологической активностью. Это связано с увеличением поверхностной активности частиц при переходе с микронного размера к наноразмерам и их способности проникать в ядро клетки. Будучи не биологическими объектами, взаимодействуя с клеточными рецепторами, искажая внутриклеточные сигнальные пути и влияя на генетическую регуляцию клетки, они способны вызвать разнообразные патологические эффекты (окислительный стресс, нейровоспаление, нейродегенерация и др.). Поэтому с переходом от микроразмеров к наноразмерам, по своей сути оставаясь химическими соединениями, частицы нетоксичных материалов могут трансформироваться в потенциальные биолого-химические поражающие агенты. Существующие возможности их массового применения через органы дыхания, кожу, желудочно-кишечный тракт и путем введения инъекционных форм лекарственных средств позволяют утверждать, что на основе поражающих агентов данного типа может быть разработано оружие массового поражения нового типа, не подпадающее под действие Конвенций по запрещению химического и биологического оружия. Необходимо уже сейчас приступить к разработке методов обнаружения наночастиц и других нанообъектов в различных средах, окружающих человека, продуктах питания и лекарственных формах.

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